A framework book detailing how to investigate problems and hypotheses scientifically. The author's main argument is that research can be planned, but discoveries and insights cannot. Instead, they result from a combination of preparation, observation, imagination, intuition, and luck. Process is helpful, but judgment, habits, and curiosity are needed to recognize meaningful insights. People who combine preparation, curiosity, and open-mindedness with disciplined, fact-based investigation, imagination, and intuition are more likely to recognize unexpected discoveries.